注意事項(xiàng)：

在安裝的時(shí)候多次涉及root用戶和oracle用戶的切換，請(qǐng)注意區(qū)分，本文已明顯

一、環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備

1、關(guān)閉防火墻

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld

2、 禁用NetworkManager服務(wù)（非必須）

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop NetworkManager

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable NetworkManager

Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/NetworkManager.service.

Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service.

Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/network-online.target.wants/NetworkManager-wait-online.service.

3、禁用SELINUX

[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0

setenforce: SELinux is disabled

[root@localhost ~]# sed -i "/^SELINUX=/s#enforcing#disabled#" /etc/selinux/config

4、配置HOSTS解析

[root@localhost ~]# cat >> /etc/hosts <<EOF

> 192.168.8.220 host_db

> EOF

5、修改主機(jī)名稱

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname host_db

6、創(chuàng)建組和用戶

創(chuàng)建dba和onstall兩個(gè)用戶組

[root@host-db ~]# groupadd dba

[root@host-db ~]# groupadd oper

[root@host-db~]# groupadd oinstall

創(chuàng)建oracle用戶

[root@host-db ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

配置oracle用戶密碼

[root@host-db ~]# echo "oracle"|passwd --stdin oracle

Changing password for user oracle.

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

7、創(chuàng)建安裝目錄并賦權(quán)

創(chuàng)建目錄

[root@host-db /]# mkdir -p /opt/oracle/app/oraInventory

[root@host-db /]# mkdir -p /opt/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1

賦權(quán)

[root@host-db /]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle

[root@host-db /]# chmod -R 775 /opt/oracle

8、配置用戶環(huán)境變量(在oracle用戶下)

[oracle@host-db ~]$su - oracle

[oracle@host-db ~]$ vi .bash_profile

export TMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=$TMP

export ORACLE_HOSTNAME= host_db

export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl

export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

source ~/.bash_profile

echo $ORACLE_HOME

9、配置系統(tǒng)環(huán)境變量

#在 /etc/profile.d目錄下創(chuàng)建存放oracle的環(huán)境，名字可以隨意，但是必須以sh結(jié)尾

[root@host-db /]# vi /etc/profile.d/env_oracle.sh

if [ \$USER = "oracle" ]; then

if [ \$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

fi

fi

10、修改系統(tǒng)內(nèi)核參數(shù)

[root@host-db /]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

kernel.shmall = 4294967296

kernel.sem = 513065280510256

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.shmmax = 549755813888

net.core.rmem_default = 1048576

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 0

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 0

net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 262144

net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4194304

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 900065500

11、配置LIMITS限制參數(shù)

[root@host-db sys]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle          soft    nproc           16384

oracle          hard    nproc           16384

oracle          soft    nofile          65536

oracle          hard    nofile          65536

oracle          soft    memlock         3145728

oracle          hard    memlock         3145728

二、安裝Oracle 19C 軟件

基本都在oracle用戶下操作，個(gè)別需要在root用戶下執(zhí)行，已明確標(biāo)出，請(qǐng)注意查看

0、離線安裝所需依賴（在root用戶下）

[root@host-db opt]# unzip base.zip

[root@host-db opt]# cd base

[root@host-db base]# rpm -Uvh *.rpm --nodeps --force

0.0、檢查依賴是否都存在(roacle用戶下)

[root@host_db 19cc]# rpm -ivh oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

如果檢查完發(fā)現(xiàn)還缺少依賴，可以自行下載，一般情況下所給的依賴已經(jīng)很全了。

rpm依賴下載地址：rpm依賴

2.1、解壓數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)軟件(roacle用戶下)

# root用戶下

[root@host-db ~]$ mv /opt/LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip -d $ORACLE_HOME

# 切換oracle用戶下

[root@host-db home]# su - oracle

[oracle@host-db ~]$ unzip -q LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip -d $ORACLE_HOME

2.2、開始安裝數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)軟件(需要在oracle用戶下)

2.2.1、編寫相應(yīng)文件db_install.rsp

[oracle@host-db response]$ vi $ORACLE_HOME/install/response/db_install.rsp

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v19.0.0

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/opt/oracle/app/oracle/oraInventory

ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oper

oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.rootconfig.executeRootScript=false

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl

oracle.install.db.ConfigureAsContainerDB=false

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet= ZHS16GBK

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle

2.2.2、運(yùn)行安裝命令

[oracle@host-db ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME

[oracle@host-db ~]$ ./runInstaller -silent -skipPrereqs -responseFile ./install/response/db_install.rsp

根據(jù)提示，使用root賬號(hào)執(zhí)行以上兩個(gè)腳本

[root@host_db 19cc]# /opt/oracle/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

[root@host_db 19cc]# /opt/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

2.3、創(chuàng)建監(jiān)聽(需要在oracle用戶下)

[oracle@host-db db_1]$ netca -silent -responseFile /opt/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/assistants/netca/netca.rsp

2.3.1、查看監(jiān)聽狀態(tài)

lsnrctl status

2.4、創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)(需要在oracle用戶下)

2.4.1、編寫相應(yīng)文件

[oracle@host-db db_1]$ vim /opt/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/assistants/dbca/dbca.rsp

gdbName=orcl

sid=orcl

databaseConfigType=SI

createAsContainerDatabase=false

templateName=General_Purpose.dbc

sysPassword=oracle

systemPassword=oracle

2.4.2、運(yùn)行安裝命

[oracle@host-db   db_1]$dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile   /opt/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/assistants/dbca/dbca.rsp

2.4.3、測(cè)試是否可用

[oracle@host_db admin]$sqlplus / nolog

SQL>conn sys/oracle as sysdba

原文來(lái)源：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/KhgSA6C6xITgRID5-FPMjQ